Connect with vetted app development companies that build custom solutions designed to drive retention, engagement, and revenue. Filter agencies by budget, team size, and location to find the right partner for your project.
Organic rankings are determined by five factors: top services, reviews, portfolio, awards/press, and team expertise. Sponsored listings pay for a placement that appears above organic positions. Sponsorship does not affect star ratings or review content - read more on our methodology page.
We craft innovative, scalable digital solutions for your business growth. Our team of experts offers cutting-edge software development solutions that can drastically accelerate the growth of your business. We specialize in creating powerful, scalable, and user-friendly applications and websites that will...
Top Services:
- Web Development
- eCommerce Development
- Software Testing
- Mobile App Development
- Blockchain
- Show more
- Location
- Warsaw, Poland
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $50/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
Texas Design Studio is a leading website design agency. Specializing in stunning web development, engaging video animations, and impactful Digital Design Marketing strategies. Texas Design Studio provides a full suite of digital marketing solutions tailored to evaluate your online presence...
Top Services:
- Digital Marketing
- Graphic Design
- Business Consulting
- Mobile App Development
- SEO
- Show more
- Location
- Houston, Texas
- Number of Employees
- 100 - 249
- Average Hourly Rate
- $40/hr
- Minimal Budget
- Under $1,000
RankRocket is a digital Solutions Agency helping businesses grow online with smart SEO, web Design , paid ads ,business automation and IT services .We don't just build websites we create processes that becomes your growth engines. Our mission is simple :Streamline your digital workflow and presence ,scale...
Top Services:
- Digital Marketing
- Web Development
- Social Media Marketing
- Mobile App Development
- PPC
- Show more
- Location
- Linden, New Jersey
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Minimal Budget
- Under $1,000
Sygmetiv Business Solutions is a technology-driven IT services company helping businesses streamline operations and scale digitally. We specialize in custom software development, ERP implementation, cloud solutions, and enterprise applications tailored to real business needs...
Top Services:
- Digital Services
- Graphic Design
- Video Production
- Mobile App Development
- Software Development
- Show more
- Location
- Doha, Qatar
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
Apps Global is a premier software engineering studio that transforms complex business logic into high-performance digital ecosystems.We bridge the gap between visionary ideas and scalable reality through custom SaaS development and intelligent workflow automation designed for the global stage...
Top Services:
- eCommerce Development
- Web Development
- Web Design
- Mobile App Development
- Software Development
- Show more
- Location
- Texas City, Texas
- Number of Employees
- 50 - 99
- Average Hourly Rate
- $60/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $10,000 - $25,000
A trusted partner in software engineering and staff augmentation, delivering scalable products with a focus on quality over quantity. We provide comprehensive IT solutions tailored to your business needs...
Top Services:
- Web Development
- Staff Augmentation
- UI/UX Design
- Mobile App Development
- Software Development
- Show more
- Location
- Bronx, Idaho
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $20/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
US Logo and Web, where creativity, technology, and a passion for innovation converge to transform your digital presence...
Top Services:
- Logo Design
- Web Development
- Web Design
- Mobile App Development
- SEO
- Show more
- Location
- Albuquerque, New Mexico
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $45/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $10,000 - $25,000
Welcome to Syncify Labs, where art meets technology. We are a passionate team of creators, engineers, and visionaries committed to bridging the gap between artistic expression and technological advancement...
Top Services:
- Web Design
- eCommerce Development
- Web Development
- Mobile App Development
- Digital Marketing
- Show more
- Location
- Nash, United Kingdom
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $25/hr
- Minimal Budget
- Under $1,000
Nexal IT Services helps businesses grow with smart, reliable, and well-planned digital solutions. From web design and web development to AI development, branding, eCommerce, and digital marketing, we provide complete support under one roof. Our focus is on building digital experiences that not only look...
Top Services:
- Web Design
- Web Development
- Software Development
- Mobile App Development
- AI Development
- Show more
- Location
- Austin, Texas
- Number of Employees
- 50 - 99
- Average Hourly Rate
- $30/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
CoreUpTech is a modern software development and AI automation agency helping businesses streamline operations, improve customer engagement, and scale faster through innovative digital solutions. We specialize in custom software development, website development, CRM automation, AI-powered workflows, mobile...
Top Services:
- CRM Consulting
- AI Development
- Software Development
- Mobile App Development
- Web Development
- Show more
- Location
- Denver, Colorado
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Minimal Budget
- Under $1,000
Enterprise Srl è una società italiana fondata nel 2004 con sede a Roè Volciano (Brescia), sul Lago di Garda, specializzata in software per la sicurezza informatica e la compliance normativa. I prodotti principali Business LOG per il log management, DPO Privacy Suite per la gestione GDPR e DVR Suite per la...
Top Services:
- Web Design
- Web Development
- eCommerce Development
- Mobile App Development
- Software Development
- Show more
- Location
- Roe', Italy
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $80/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
We have always delivered on time - and can provide references...
Top Services:
- eCommerce Development
- Web Development
- WordPress Website Design
- Mobile App Development
- Software Development
- Show more
- Location
- Thimphu, Bhutan
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $40/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $10,000 - $25,000
Afrisyntech Solutions is an AI and software development company helping businesses turn complex technology into practical solutions. We build AI-powered automation, intelligent agents, custom software, web and mobile applications, and digital systems that improve operations, customer experiences, and growth...
Top Services:
- Web Development
- eCommerce Development
- AI Development
- Mobile App Development
- Software Development
- Show more
- Location
- Nairobi, Kenya
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $50/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
Syntecho is a full-cycle software development company based in West Palm Beach, Florida, serving businesses across the United States. It specializes in custom software development, AI automation, web and mobile applications, SaaS, ERP solutions, system integrations, cloud solutions, and data analytics...
Top Services:
- Web Design
- eCommerce Development
- Web Development
- Mobile App Development
- AI Development
- Show more
- Location
- West Palm Beach, Florida
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Minimal Budget
- Under $1,000
Dreamer Technoland is a web development, mobile app design and development company building reliable solutions for businesses and startups...
Top Services:
- Software Development
- Mobile App Development
- Location
- Noida, India
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $25/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $25,000 - $50,000
- Portfolios Count
- 3 Projects Listed
Carmatec is an enterprise IT solutions provider with over 23+ years of proven industry experience and has successfully carved out a niche in web development, software and application design and development apart from its expertise in mobile development, managed IT services & cloud solutions...
Top Services:
- Web Development
- Web Design
- Mobile App Development
- Software Development
- eCommerce Development
- Show more
- Location
- Bengaluru, India
- Number of Employees
- 100 - 249
- Average Hourly Rate
- $25/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
- Portfolios Count
- 3 Projects Listed
We are experts in developing web and mobile applications as well as integrating them with numerous external tools...
Top Services:
- Mobile App Development
- Web Design
- Location
- Sialkot, Pakistan
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $49/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
We specialize in bringing custom solutions for business along with beautiful and unique designs...
Top Services:
- Web Design
- UI/UX Design
- WordPress Website Design
- eCommerce Development
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Atlanta, Georgia
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $100/hr
Moai Studio specializes in empowering businesses through innovative digital solutions. With a focus on creativity, strategy, and technology, they offer a range of services including web design, development, branding, and digital marketing. Their team works closely with clients to create tailored solutions...
Top Services:
- Graphic Design
- Branding
- Web Design
- SEO
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Bresso, Italy
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $40/hr
- Minimal Budget
- Under $1,000
dotSource is a full-service digital agency and transformation partner headquartered in Germany, delivering strategy, e-commerce platforms, digital marketing, and modern content solutions including Contentful headless CMS architecture, implementation, and content modeling to help brands scale digitally and...
Top Services:
- Web Development
- Branding
- eCommerce Development
- AI Development
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Jena, Germany
- Number of Employees
- 500 - 999
Legacy Media is an Australian digital marketing agency specializing exclusively in supporting builders, tradies, and construction companies. Its services combine SEO, Google Ads, Meta Ads, social media management, construction photography and videography, website design, and construction-focused content...
Top Services:
- Digital Marketing
- Social Media Marketing
- Design Services
- Digital Services
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Melbourne, Australia
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $300/hr
- Minimal Budget
- Under $1,000
SantPro Technologies is a trusted web and software development company based in India and the United States that delivers high-quality web, mobile, and cloud solutions for businesses of all sizes...
Top Services:
- Mobile App Development
- Web Development
- Web Design
- Software Development
- UI/UX Design
- Show more
- Location
- Vadodara, India
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $15/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
- Portfolios Count
- 2 Projects Listed
We are all about delivering what you need from whiteboard to app store, well build your moonshot. We're a custom application development firm that specializes in building advanced solutions for the financial services, healthcare, utility, hospitality, commodity, social and other industries...
Top Services:
- AI Development
- Software Development
- Web Design
- Web Development
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Dallas, Texas
- Number of Employees
- 100 - 249
We're a one-stop Web Design & Marketing agency. Work with the best website design company in San Diego. Grow your business and boost sales with our top ranked website design services. Offering everything you need to launch your business online. Hosting, Domain, Maintenance, Marketing Strategy, Custom Website...
Top Services:
- Digital Marketing
- SEO
- Web Development
- Web Design
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- San Diego, California
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $75/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
Digital Nest Studio stands as your foremost ally in delivering bespoke digital solutions, propelling your success through the seamless integration of expert design, cutting-edge innovation, and collaborative excellence. Our commitment lies in harnessing these elements to elevate your digital presence and...
Top Services:
- Logo Design
- Web Design
- Web Development
- Social Media Marketing
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Tampa, Florida
- Number of Employees
- 50 - 99
- Average Hourly Rate
- $50/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
At DigiHexagon, we deliver innovative design solutions that help your brand stand out and succeed, on time, every time...
Top Services:
- Logo Design
- Print Design
- Web Design
- Web Development
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Downingtown, Pennsylvania
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $299/hr
Software development agency based in Seattle, Washington, providing a personal touch for small business owners. We help with Custom Software Development, Mobile App Development, Web Development, Data Engineering, UI/UX Design, and IT Consulting...
Top Services:
- Web Development
- UI/UX Design
- IT Services
- Software Development
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Seattle, Washington
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $50/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
We are a digital agency that creates custom digital products, develops tailored software and websites, and designs meaningful user experiences. We help businesses optimize processes and boost performance through smart, scalable solutions...
Top Services:
- Software Development
- Web Development
- UI/UX Design
- Branding
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $35/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
EasyThough was created to help companies scale their businesses in the simplest way online, developing personalized strategies and adapting new AI-driven processes that are effective for each client...
Top Services:
- Content Marketing
- Digital Marketing
- Social Media Marketing
- Web Development
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Boynton Beach, Florida
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $150/hr
We Next Coder is a top-rated digital agency offering custom web design, WordPress development, eCommerce, SEO, and mobile-first solutions. Trusted by hundreds of businesses across the USA and globally, we blend creativity with cutting-edge tech to build results-driven websites that perform...
Top Services:
- Web Design
- Web Development
- UI/UX Design
- SEO
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Sunamganj, Bangladesh
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $30/hr
- Minimal Budget
- Under $1,000
BSR Exclusive is a profit-led performance marketing agency (founded 2018, Cluj-Napoca) focused on eCommerce and B2B. We build and scale campaigns on Google Ads (incl. PMax with brand/non-brand separation), Meta Ads, and product feeds (SKU/GTIN governance), backed by measurement that actually works (GA4, GTM...
Top Services:
- Digital Marketing
- PPC
- SEO
- Web Design
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $40/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
TVM Engineering Services is a Sofia-based full-service web agency and trusted nearshoring partner. We design and develop high-performance websites and full-stack applications using React, Angular, Node.js, and Next.js. With proven expertise across industries, our portfolio includes the European logistics...
Top Services:
- Software Development
- Web Development
- UI/UX Design
- AI Development
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Sofia, Bulgaria
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $50/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
Innova Designz is a full-service creative agency offering branding, graphic design, 2D & 3D animation, ads creative, web development, app development, and SEO solutions. We help businesses stand out with innovative, tailored designs and digital strategies...
Top Services:
- Web Development
- WordPress Website Design
- SEO
- Software Development
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Deer Park, New York
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $20/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
Dunsen Design Inc. is a web design and digital marketing company based in West Lafayette, Indiana, serving the Greater Lafayette area and surrounding regions, including Chicagoland. Founded in 2008 by Purdue University graduate Jeff Sunden, the company began with a focus on graphic and web design before...
Top Services:
- Web Design
- Web Development
- SEO
- Social Media Marketing
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- West Lafayette, Indiana
- Number of Employees
- 50 - 99
- Average Hourly Rate
- $180/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
MaxApex provides managed Oracle APEX hosting and cloud infrastructure, helping teams deploy, manage, and scale applications with full control over their environments. Along with hosting, it offers database management, monitoring, and performance optimization across OCI and other cloud platforms. MaxApex is a...
Top Services:
- Managed Services
- Cloud Consulting
- Cybersecurity
- DevOps Consulting
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Katy, Texas
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Minimal Budget
- Under $1,000
Standing out in the digital world requires more than just a good-looking website it requires one that works. At Maya Web, we combine modern design trends with a robust technical foundation to deliver websites that are both visually compelling and built to perform...
Top Services:
- Digital Services
- Graphic Design
- Web Design
- Web Development
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Istanbul, Turkey
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $30/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
Granados AI is a Guatemala City agency that builds professional websites from scratch and implements AI automation systems for businesses across Central America. We deliver websites in 7-10 days with no setup fee, and our AI services include WhatsApp chatbots, voice agents, Make.com automations, and CRM...
Top Services:
- Web Design
- Web Development
- AI Development
- Software Testing
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $25/hr
- Minimal Budget
- Under $1,000
Levitation goes beyond software, prioritizing human-centric research and design. Our solutions aren't just feasible; they are powerful, fast, and perfectly attuned to the rapid pace of the modern world. We're architects of ideas, creating an unparalleled fusion of innovation and efficiency. The name...
Top Services:
- Software Development
- Mobile App Development
- CRM Consulting
- ERP Consulting
- Cloud Consulting
- Show more
- Location
- Noida, India
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $40/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
- Portfolios Count
- 4 Projects Listed
eDesk Solutions is Leading IT Company Which is Providing Web Designing, Graphics, Mobile Application Development IOS Android & Hybrid, Agile Software...
Top Services:
- Web Development
- Graphic Design
- Digital Marketing
- Cybersecurity
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Luton, United Kingdom
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $10/hr
- Minimal Budget
- Under $1,000
ClickySoft is a Houston-based web design and web development company building conversion-focused, SEO-ready websites, ecommerce platforms, custom software, mobile apps, and AI automation solutions for businesses across Texas and the United States...
Top Services:
- Web Development
- Web Design
- WordPress Website Design
- eCommerce Development
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Houston, Texas
- Number of Employees
- 50 - 99
- Average Hourly Rate
- $30/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
We are a specialist web building agency working with WordPress and Blockchain technologies...
Top Services:
- Web Development
- Web Design
- eCommerce Development
- Digital Marketing
- CRO
- Show more
- Location
- Leatherhead, United Kingdom
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $70/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
At BP3, we transform your complex challenges into streamlined success stories through AI and Automation...
Top Services:
- Business Consulting
- UI/UX Design
- AI Development
- IoT
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Austin, Texas
- Number of Employees
- 100 - 249
Your technology partner to help your business leverage technology for growth through automation, web and mobile development...
Top Services:
- Web Design
- WordPress Website Design
- Web Development
- Software Development
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Columbia, Maryland
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $45/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $10,000 - $25,000
Mage H.D. is an A+ BBB accredited results-driven full-service digital agency that specializes in helping businesses grow their online presence, increase conversions, and increase their web traffic with a customized digital marketing strategy...
Top Services:
- eCommerce Development
- Web Design
- WordPress Website Design
- UI/UX Design
- Web Development
- Show more
- Location
- Tampa, Florida
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $150/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
DSI is a software factory, where we shape new realities through digital products and experiences that focus on businesses and people. we create efficient and specific solutions to the problems of those who trust us. our products become meaningful when our partners optimise their time, give value to their...
Top Services:
- Wearables
- Software Development
- AI Development
- Mobile App Development
- Blockchain
- Show more
- Location
- Medellín, Colombia
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $31/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $1,000 - $10,000
Blue Tricycle operates as a design and advertising firm. If one seeks a collaborative partner to establish a strong brand presence, they have found the ideal destination...
Top Services:
- Branding
- Logo Design
- Web Design
- eCommerce Development
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
Custom software development company established in 2016 with offices in Montenegro and Switzerland...
Top Services:
- Software Development
- IoT
- AI Development
- Mobile App Development
- IT Services
- Show more
- Location
- Zürich, Switzerland
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $50/hr
- Minimal Budget
- $10,000 - $25,000
We provide future-proof technological infrastructures and tailored IT solutions that make your company more successful in the market. Our experienced and highly specialized team combines technical expertise with a deep understanding of your individual challenges...
Top Services:
- IT Services
- Cybersecurity
- DevOps Consulting
- Software Development
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Gräfelfing, Germany
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $100/hr
- Minimal Budget
- Under $1,000
Grow Your Business with Grow Rankers LLC...
Top Services:
- Digital Services
- Digital Strategy
- Web Design
- SEO
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- Baltimore, Maryland
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $100/hr
NexusByte is a Sydney-based digital and IT solutions agency specialising in web design, web development, WordPress, and custom web applications. We help businesses create fast, secure, and scalable digital experiences backed by reliable IT support, cybersecurity, and performance optimisation. Our team works...
Top Services:
- Web Design
- Web Development
- WordPress Website Design
- eCommerce Development
- Mobile App Development
- Show more
- Location
- McMahons Point, Australia
- Number of Employees
- Under 49
- Average Hourly Rate
- $25/hr
Mobile App Development Specializations
- Accessibility Mobile App
- Android
- App Development Consultants
- Application Modernization
- Consumer
- Cross-Platform
- eCommerce
- Educational
- Enterprise
- Entertainment App Development
- Field Operations
- Financial
- Fitness App Development
- Food Delivery App Development
- Freelance
- Gambling
- Games
- Government
- Healthcare
- HTML5
- Hybrid
- Insurance
- iPad
- iPhone
- Media App
- Mobile App design
- Nonprofit
- Publishing
- React Native
- Restaurant App Development
- Small Businesses App Development
- Social Network Apps
- Sports App Development
- Startup
- Telemedicine App Development
- Thunkable
- Travel App Development
- Wearables
- Windows
Services Related to Mobile App Development
Top Mobile App Developers by Country
Popular Services
Why companies trust DesignRush
Every agency is independently vetted before it can be listed or ranked
Some agencies pay for sponsored placement, clearly labeled and held to the same vetting standards.
Frequently Asked Questions About App Development Companies
What services do app development companies typically offer?
App development companies usually handle strategy, UI/UX design, development, testing, launch, and ongoing maintenance. Some also provide product research and app store optimization.
How much does it cost to hire an app development company?
App development agencies typically charge between $30,000 and $500,000+, depending on the scope and complexity of the project.
Typical custom app costs by scope include:
- Simple app: $10,000 to $35,000
- Medium-complexity app: $35,000 to $150,000
- Complex app: $150,000 to $300,000+
How long does it take to develop a mobile app?
Most apps take around 3 to 7 months to develop, though the timeline depends on complexity, features, technology, and the development team. Changes in scope, integrations, and testing requirements can also extend the timeline.
- Simple apps: a few weeks to 3 months
- Medium-complexity apps: 3 to 7 months
- Complex apps: 7 to 12+ months
How do I choose the right app development company?
Look at relevant experience, past projects, technical expertise, communication, and post-launch support. The company should also understand your business goals and target users.
What should I look for in an app development company’s portfolio?
Check whether they have built apps similar to yours and review the usability, design quality, and functionality of their work. Pay attention to projects in your industry or with comparable technical requirements.
What track record should I look for in an app development company?
Ask for launch counts, instead of project counts. An app development company that has shipped dozens of live apps has already solved App Store review, retention, and post-launch iteration. Designli, for example, lists more than 200 product launches and traces its process back to Applits, an app studio its founders ran before the agency existed.
What are the top mobile app development companies in 2026?
The top mobile app development companies in 2026 are:




















































